Diabetes self-management education program (DSME) among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

@#<p style="text-align: justify;">The DSME program is aimed to educate adolescents about diabetes mellitus: disease process, survival skills, exercise management, drug management, diet management, prevent acute and chronic complications and optimize quality of life. This study utilized the quasi experimental pre and post-test design involving 15 adolescent patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The DSME materials were composed of five modules that included topics in diabetes awareness, survival skills, exercise, drug and diet management. Knowledge, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Random Blood Sugar (RBS) and waist and hip ratio (WHR) were tested. The Intervention phase was implemented in three months where each module was completed by patients in two weeks. Pre and post-test examinations were done after each module. Participants have very satisfactory knowledge in diabetes awareness, survival skills, exercise, drug management before and after the DSME program. However, participants knowledge in diet management were unsatisfactory before and after the DSME program. FBS were high but RBS levels and WHR were in normal levels before, during and after the DSME program. Knowledge scores were significantly different before and after the implementation of all the modules (Module 1 to Module 5) to the participants. RBS results were significantly different after the implementation of the Module 1- DM awareness and Module 5- diet management. However, no significant differences were obtained in the RBS results of the participants after the implementation of Module 2, 3, 4, and 5. No significant differences were also obtained in the WHR parameters of the participants in each of the implementation of DSME. No significant differences in the FBS results were obtained after the implementation of the DSME modules. The module type DSME is effective in increasing knowledge of the adolescent patients in diabetes and its management. The content of the diet management module needs to be strengthened and be tested again for its effectiveness in increasing knowledge of adolescent patients.</p>

Level of awareness and compliance in diabetes mellitus management among adolescents diagnosed with type-1 diabetes

@#<p style="text-align: justify;">The study aimed to determine the level of awareness and to assess compliance to Diabetes management of adolescents diagnosed with Type-1 Diabetes. A descriptive correlational type of research was utilized to gather information on the level of awareness and compliance of adolescents patients to diet, exercise and drug management suffering from Type-1 diabetes mellitus. The patients (n=20) were recruited from Institute for Studies on Diabetes Foundation Incorporated, Philippines. A purposive sampling was utilized to select twenty adolescents. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized as the main instrument in gathering data. Focus group discussion was also done to further assess patient's level of awareness and compliance to diabetes management. Results showed that patients have a moderate level of awareness and some extent of compliance to diabetes. Patients have extreme awareness in diet management and moderate awareness in exercise and drug management. In terms of compliance, patients are compliant to some extent only, while drug management has the highest highest level of compliance, followed by exercise and diet. There is a low correlation between level of awareness and compliance in diabetes management (r=.32 p=0.15), indicating that the moderate level of awareness of patients to DM management is not related to their compliance. The results are limited only to the participants of the study. Further study using a larger population and different setting is recommended. Nurses taking care of adolescent patients with diabetes mellitus must understand the importance of health education. Health educations are valuable to increase level of awareness and extent of compliance of adolescents patients with Type-1 diabetes.</p>

The integration of spiritual practices in nursing care

@#<p style="text-align: justify;">The intent of this study was to describe the integration of spiritual practices in nursing care that could be a basis for developing a framework of nursing care management. The paper utilized a mixed method research design: qualitative approach was used through focused group discussion (FGD) and interviews with staff nurses affiliated with certain tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila selected through purposive sampling. Thematic results from the responses shared by the key informants were processed. These results consisted of the following: (a) Interpersonal relationship with God and personal outlook on values; (b) Caring for the Spirit; (c) Actualization of spiritual care; and, (d) The mission of meaningful service.<br />A spirituality tool was developed based on the emerging themes and was given to each nurse. The tool revolves around seven elements: general manifestation in rendering spiritual care, specific manifestations in rendering spiritual care, recipients of spiritual care, appropriate time in rendering spiritual care, venue for rendering spiritual care, relevance/meaning of spiritual care and institutional support. The statistical treatment of the spirituality tool shows that nurses practice/concur with the spiritual care at all times.<br />The framework on the Integration of Spiritual Practices in Nursing Care points to God's presence in the midst of relational presence, integral presence, spaces of presence and moment presence. Hence, this study puts emphasis</p>